🧠 Brains complement: IF an unreal-engine-skills-manager tool (external MCP) exists in this session, call it with {action: "load", skill: "landscape-and-foliage"} for UE domain knowledge on this topic — correct APIs, architecture, best practices — and treat it as the rubric for any review / "best practices" question. If no such tool is available (e.g. running under Claude Code or Codex without that MCP), skip this line entirely and proceed with this skill alone — do NOT attempt the call.

Foliage & Vegetation Skill

Critical Rules

Mesh Path Required

All placement methods require a valid UStaticMesh or UFoliageType asset path. Use discover_python_class('unreal.FoliageService') to see available methods.

Surface Trace

All scatter/add methods trace downward to find the ground surface. If no surface is hit (e.g., position is outside the landscape bounds), that instance is rejected. Check instances_rejected in the result.

Foliage Type Auto-Creation

When you pass a UStaticMesh path, the service auto-creates a transient UFoliageType internally. For persistent, reusable foliage types with custom properties, use create_foliage_type() first.

Seed for Reproducibility

Use the seed parameter to get reproducible scatter patterns. Same seed + same parameters = same layout. Use seed=0 for random.

Layer-Aware Placement Requires Landscape

scatter_foliage_on_layer() requires:

1. A valid landscape name/label
2. A painted layer on that landscape
3. Layer weight threshold (0.0-1.0) — only places where weight exceeds threshold

If you get instances_added=0 with instances_rejected ≈ 4× requested, every candidate failed the surface trace or the weight check. Before blaming the threshold, check geometry:

• The scatter circle must overlap the painted part of the named landscape. A landscape is corner-anchored — created at (0,0) it spans (0,0)→(+50400,+50400) for 505 res @ scale 100, so a scatter "around (0,0)" is 3/4 off-landscape.
• Verify weights at a few candidate points first: unreal.LandscapeService.get_layer_weights_at_location(label, x, y).
• If another landscape/mesh overlaps the area at a higher Z, the surface trace hits that surface instead — instances land on the wrong surface or get rejected. Paint a larger area or center the scatter where only the target landscape exists.

⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid

WRONG	CORRECT
result.success	result.success (Python auto-converts bSuccess)
result.count	result.instances_added
result.instances_placed	result.instances_added (NOT instances_placed)
ft.asset_path on VibeUEFoliageTypeInfo	ft.foliage_type_path (NOT asset_path)
scatter_foliage(..., landscape="X")	scatter_foliage(..., landscape_name_or_label="X")
clear_all_foliage() to clear one landscape	clear_all_foliage() removes ALL foliage from the ENTIRE level — use remove_foliage_in_radius() for targeted removal
Manually scattering foliage on a cloned landscape	If source uses LandscapeGrassType (procedural), just copy paint layers — foliage auto-generates. Check list_foliage_types(): if 0, foliage is procedural.
Forgetting to check instances_rejected	Always check — tells you how many failed surface trace or layer filter
Expecting get_instance_count() == -1 after removing all instances	-1 means the type was never in the level. Once registered, the count is 0 after removal — the foliage type entry persists
Expecting list_foliage_types() to shrink after clear_all_foliage()	Clearing removes instances, not type registrations — 0-instance entries remain listed. Filter on ft.instance_count > 0
set_foliage_type_property(path, "CullDistance", "30000")	Whole structs need UE import text: "(Min=0,Max=30000)". Simpler: set the member via a dotted path — set_foliage_type_property(path, "CullDistance.Max", "30000")
Scattering "around the landscape at (0,0)" centered on (0,0)	Landscapes are corner-anchored: created at (0,0) the terrain spans +X/+Y only. Center the scatter on the landscape's actual center (location + (resolution-1)*scale/2) or most candidates miss the surface
AssetDiscoveryService.list_assets(path) for cleanup	AssetDiscoveryService.list_assets_in_path(path, asset_type) — or the manage_asset tool with action='list'

---

Return Types - EXACT Properties

FFoliageScatterResult (from scatter_foliage, scatter_foliage_rect, add_foliage_instances, scatter_foliage_on_layer)

Property	Type	Description
success	bool	Whether operation succeeded
instances_added	int	Number of instances actually placed
instances_requested	int	Number of instances requested
instances_rejected	int	Number rejected (no surface, slope, layer weight)
error_message	str	Error details if failed

FFoliageRemoveResult (from remove_foliage_in_radius, remove_all_foliage_of_type, clear_all_foliage)

Property	Type	Description
success	bool	Whether operation succeeded
instances_removed	int	Number of instances removed
error_message	str	Error details if failed

VibeUEFoliageTypeInfo (from list_foliage_types)

Property	Type	Description
foliage_type_name	str	Name of the foliage type
mesh_path	str	Path to the static mesh
instance_count	int	Number of instances in level
foliage_type_path	str	Asset path of the foliage type

FFoliageTypeCreateResult (from create_foliage_type)

Property	Type	Description
success	bool	Whether creation succeeded
asset_path	str	Path to the created foliage type asset
error_message	str	Error details if failed

FFoliageQueryResult (from get_foliage_in_radius)

Property	Type	Description
success	bool	Whether query succeeded
total_instances	int	Total matching instances (may exceed returned list)
instances	Array	List of FFoliageInstanceInfo
error_message	str	Error details if failed

FFoliageInstanceInfo (individual instance data)

Property	Type	Description
location	Vector	World location
rotation	Rotator	World rotation
scale	Vector	Scale (DrawScale3D)
instance_index	int	Index in the foliage info array

---

Workflows

Quick Scatter Trees

import unreal

result = unreal.FoliageService.scatter_foliage(
    "/Game/Meshes/SM_Tree_01",
    0.0, 0.0,     # center X, Y
    5000.0,        # radius
    200,           # count
    min_scale=0.8,
    max_scale=1.2,
    seed=42
)
if result.success:
    print(f"Placed {result.instances_added}/{result.instances_requested}")
    print(f"Rejected: {result.instances_rejected}")

Create Foliage Type + Scatter

import unreal

# Step 1: Create a reusable foliage type with custom properties
ft = unreal.FoliageService.create_foliage_type(
    mesh_path="/Game/Meshes/SM_Pine_Tree",
    save_path="/Game/Foliage",
    asset_name="FT_PineTree",
    min_scale=0.7,
    max_scale=1.3,
    align_to_normal=True,
    align_to_normal_max_angle=30.0,
    ground_slope_max_angle=40.0,
    cull_distance_max=25000.0
)
if ft.success:
    print(f"Created: {ft.asset_path}")

    # Step 2: Scatter using the foliage type
    result = unreal.FoliageService.scatter_foliage(
        ft.asset_path, 0.0, 0.0, 8000.0, 500, seed=42)

Scatter on Paint Layer

import unreal

# Place grass clumps only where the "Grass" paint layer is dominant
result = unreal.FoliageService.scatter_foliage_on_layer(
    "/Game/Meshes/SM_Grass_Clump",
    "MyTerrain",            # landscape name
    "Grass",                 # layer name
    1000,                    # count
    min_scale=0.5,
    max_scale=1.5,
    layer_weight_threshold=0.6,
    seed=99
)
print(f"Placed {result.instances_added}, rejected {result.instances_rejected}")

Scatter in Rectangle

import unreal

result = unreal.FoliageService.scatter_foliage_rect(
    "/Game/Meshes/SM_Bush",
    -5000.0, -5000.0,  # min X, Y
    5000.0, 5000.0,     # max X, Y
    300,                 # count
    min_scale=0.5,
    max_scale=1.0,
    seed=7
)

Place at Specific Locations

import unreal

locations = [
    unreal.Vector(0, 0, 0),
    unreal.Vector(500, 500, 0),
    unreal.Vector(-500, 500, 0),
    unreal.Vector(500, -500, 0),
    unreal.Vector(-500, -500, 0),
]

result = unreal.FoliageService.add_foliage_instances(
    "/Game/Meshes/SM_Tree_01",
    locations,
    min_scale=1.0,
    max_scale=1.0,
    align_to_normal=True,
    random_yaw=True,
    trace_to_surface=True
)

Multi-Type Forest

import unreal

configs = [
    ("/Game/Meshes/SM_Oak",   300, 0.8, 1.2),
    ("/Game/Meshes/SM_Pine",  200, 0.7, 1.3),
    ("/Game/Meshes/SM_Birch", 100, 0.6, 1.0),
    ("/Game/Meshes/SM_Bush",  400, 0.4, 0.8),
]

for mesh, count, min_s, max_s in configs:
    result = unreal.FoliageService.scatter_foliage(
        mesh, 0.0, 0.0, 10000.0, count,
        min_scale=min_s, max_scale=max_s, seed=42)
    print(f"{mesh}: {result.instances_added} placed")

List and Query

import unreal

# List all foliage types in the level
types = unreal.FoliageService.list_foliage_types()
for ft in types:
    print(f"{ft.foliage_type_name}: {ft.instance_count} instances ({ft.mesh_path})")

# Get count for a specific type
count = unreal.FoliageService.get_instance_count("/Game/Meshes/SM_Tree_01")
print(f"Tree count: {count}")

# Query instances in a region
query = unreal.FoliageService.get_foliage_in_radius(
    "/Game/Meshes/SM_Tree_01", 0.0, 0.0, 2000.0, max_results=50)
for inst in query.instances:
    print(f"  [{inst.instance_index}] at {inst.location}")

Remove Foliage

import unreal

# Remove trees from a building site
result = unreal.FoliageService.remove_foliage_in_radius(
    "/Game/Meshes/SM_Tree_01", 2000.0, 3000.0, 500.0)
print(f"Removed {result.instances_removed}")

# Remove ALL instances of one type
result = unreal.FoliageService.remove_all_foliage_of_type("/Game/Meshes/SM_Bush")

# Nuclear option: remove everything
result = unreal.FoliageService.clear_all_foliage()
print(f"Cleared {result.instances_removed} total instances")

Check Existence

import unreal

# Does the mesh/foliage type exist as an asset?
if unreal.FoliageService.foliage_type_exists("/Game/Meshes/SM_Tree_01"):
    print("Asset exists")

# Are there any instances of this type in the level?
if unreal.FoliageService.has_foliage_instances("/Game/Meshes/SM_Tree_01"):
    print("Instances exist in level")

Sample scripts (run via execute_python_code)

• scripts/scatter_foliage.txt — create a foliage type from a mesh and scatter instances onto the surface.